1、Grade inflation-the gradual increase in average GPAs (grade-point averages) over the past few decades-is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated like customers to be pleased. But another, related force-a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called "grade forgiveness"-is helping raise GPAs.（节选自2019年考研英语一Text 2）
【题目】
What is commonly regarded as the cause of grade inflation?
A. The change of course catalogs.
B. Students' indifference to GPAS.
C. Colleges' neglect of GPAS.
D. The influence of consumer culture
【解析】细节题的解题方法通常是将题干精细切分为几部分，然后将每一部分带回文中所在段落中进行穷尽式的匹配，最终能够一一对应题干中每一部分的句子，即是我们要锁定的目标句一答案所出句。此题题干中的commonly，regarded as，cause，grade inflation分别一一对应段落中的often，considered，a product 和主语Grade inflation，即可锁定该句为目标句。此句的剩余部分a consumer era即为我们所求的答案，而The influence of consumer culture正是其的同义表达。
2、The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years, as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school(and paying tuition) and improve their graduation rates. When this practice first started decades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses. But now most colleges, save for many selective campuses, allow all undergraduates, and even graduate students, to get their low grades forgiven.（节选自2019年考研英语一Text 2）
【题目】
What was the original purpose of grade forgiveness?
A. To help freshmen adapt to college learning.
B. To maintain colleges' graduation rates.
C. To prepare graduates for a challenging future.
D. To increase universities' income from tuition.
【解析】此题定位到第三段第二句，该句中的this practice对应题干中的grade forgiveness，first started对应题干中的original，而不定式短语to give them（freshmen）a second chance..if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses（如果大一新生在都向大学课程的过渡中有问题的话再给他们一次机会……）为目的，对应题干中的purpose，故正确答案应为[A]选项To help freshmen adapt to college learning。
(内容来源于网络，由海文考研收集整理，侵权必删！)